Shingle



July 27, 1937. H, g HONI BAU'M 2,087,910

SHINGLE Filed Oct. 20, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Top Top

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I vENToR.

. ATTORNEY.

July 27, 1937. H. HONIGBAUM SHINGLE Filed Oct. 20, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2INVENTOR.

Ha ry Hf/on/gbaum ATTORNEY.

Patented July 27, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT ort-Ice SHINGLE Harry n.nonigbaum, Forest Hills, N. Y.

Application October 20, 1934, Serial No. 749,293 9 Claims. (01. 108-This invention relates to shingles and is, particularly intended for usein the manufacture of shingles from composition roofing material,although not necessarily limited to this material.

Furthermore the invention is especially directed to the economicalmanufacture and laying of individual shingles of novel and uniqueconstruction, and so constituted as to give a maximum covering for aminimum amount of material and efficiently .distributed.

An important feature of the invention from the I standpoint of themethod is inherent in the fact that-the present shingle may be cut-fromyard material without waste andin a progressive manner well adapted tomanufacturing purposes.

From thestandpoint of the shingle, as an ar-- ticle of manufacture, animportant feature of the invention resides in the fact that'it hasunusual covering capacity for a minimum amount of material and may belaid expeditiously and curacy as to overlap and placement with respectto shingles of an underlying course as well as with respect to shinglesof the same course.

The shingle of this invention is characterized by its substantiallyL-shaped configuration and the desirability of this general contour to awide diversity of shapes in the weather edge of the 3 shingle, therebypermitting it to be used on a roof in a great variety of patterns.Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of novel andeflicient means for alining the shingles with respect to one another andto shingles of the preceding course by forming each shingle withabutments adapted to cooperate with abutments of other shingles duringthe laying thereof in a manner to give absolute accurate alinement in anautomatic way and without necessitating the use of extraneous. gauges ormeasuring devices.

A further feature of the invention resides in the formation in the bodyof the shingle of locking devices at the weather edge thereof adapted tocooperate with similar shingles of an underlying course in such a way asto hold .down the weather edge of the shingle and to preclude the samefrom flapping in the wind.

Features 'of the invention, other than those 50 specified, will'beapparent from the hereinafter detailed description and claims, when readin conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The accompanying drawings illustrate different practical embodiments ofthe invention,,

55 but the constructions therein shown are to be may employ at theweather edge of the shingle in one of its practical forms with absoluteacunderstood as illustrative, only, and not as defining thelimits of theinvention.-

Figure llishows the manner of laying a roof with shingles embodying thepresent invention.

Figures 2, 2d and 2b shows the manner of 5 practising the presentinvention in the cutting of shingles from yard material.

Figures 3, 3a, 3b,-4, 4a, 4b, 5, 5a. and 517 show the application ofthemethod to shingles of somewhat diiferentshape from those'illustrated10 in Figures 1 and2.

Figures 6, '7 and 8 show the manner in which the shingle ofthis-invention may be provided with locking and spacing devices ofvarious kinds within the scope of this invention. 15

Figure 9 shows a plurality of shingles laid in two courseswith theinterlocking spacing and alining devices cooperating with one another.

Figures 19 14 show difierent' locks which I to hold down the weatheredge against flapping 20 in the wind.

In practising themethod of this invention. in one of its practicalforms, I cut shingles from composition roofing material fed from theroll by 25 the yard. In so doing, I make transverse cuts 2,

a longitudinal cut 3 and additional broken line cuts 4, as indicated indotted lines in Figure 2.

The actual placement of these various cuts will of course depend uponthe sizes of the shingles and the Width of the material I but in anyevent .the cuts 2* and 3 divide the area of the strip I into so that inany event the shingles are cut progressivelyirom the end of the strip byany appropriate cutting mechanism to be freed from the 40 strip asindicated at 5 and 6 in Figures 2a and 2b. In the shingles 'of thisfigure, each shingle is L-shaped and somewhat wider than its height. Ifdesired, however, the height and width of the shingle may be the same asindicated in Figures 3, 3a and 3b in which event the cuts will beaccomplished as shown in Figure 3'.

' In the shingles of Figures 2, 2a and 2b and 3, 3a. andy3b, the weatheredge of the shingle is straight, but if it is desired to have the comerscut off, additional cuts 1 may be made during the process of cutting theshingle from the strip I, as indicated in Figures 4, 4a, and 4b. If anornamental edge such as a wavy or corrugated edge is desired, thetransverse cuts 2v may be,

and 5b and it will of course be understood that the actual configurationof these cuts may be varied within wide limits to produce weather edgesshaped as may 'be desired In any event the method is the same. Thetransverse longitudinal and broken line cuts serving in each instance toseparate from the strip a rectangular portion thereof and to subdividesuch rectangular portion into complementary L shaped shingles ofidenticalform. A marked advantage of this arrangement-is that theshingle may be made progressively by appropriate cutting machinerywithout any waste and in an expeditious mannor. 6

L shaped shingles made in accordancewith this invention may beconveniently laid, as shown in Figure 1, in overlapping courses and insuch manner that the joints between shingles of each course will overliethe upstanding portion of the shingles of the next underlying course tothereby provide against leakage while giving a satisfactory overlapthroughout. overlap will of course depend upon the size of the shingleand the portion of the shingle laid to the weather, but I find itconvenient in practice to lay them with uniform overlap which mayconveniently amount to 2 inches or more in all directions. The resultingroof will be tight in that it will exclude rain water and the laying maybe expeditiously carried out because of the somewhat wide dimension ofthe shingle at the butt or weather edge.

In the description as thus far advanced, the shingles are laid asillustrated in Figure l and suitably nailed in place to a roof withoutany interlocking or interfitting, the workmen serving to position theshingles according to his best The amount of they ability for thepurpose of obtaining uniformity in appearance. The present invention,however, provides for devices for interlocking the shingles in a mannerto facilitate the laying thereof and to hold down the weather endagainst flapping in the wind. V

Figure 6 shows such a shingle The general outline contour of the shinglemay be as shown in any of the preceding figures and the said devicesconsist in cutting or forming the shingle within its margin for thepurposes stated. To this end, the upper edge of the upright or verticalpart of the shingle is provided with a cut out or slit 9 preferably soshaped as to provide a hooked tab III which constitutes an abutmentwhile the upper edge of the horizontal part is provided with a'notch ll.upright part is also provided with a notch I2 and above the same is ahook shaped tab l3 forming another abutment. The lower edge of thehorizontal part, i. e., the weather edge is provided therein with cutouts or slots l4 spaced apart from one another andso shaped as to formbetween them ,a retainer IS. The slots i4 and resulting retainer l5 maybe of a wide variety of shapes, illustrative forms of which are shown inFigures 10-14. In any event, however, a retainer is so constitutedthatit may be passed through the space between adjacent shingles of Thelateral free edge of the 2,087,910 so configurated as indicated at 8 inFigures 5', 5a

alining devices shown in Figure 6, the retainer-- l5 of each overlyingshingle fits under the edges of two underlying shingles, as shown inFigure 9, while the notch I2 is engaged by the hook shaped tab ID of oneof suchvunderlying shingles and the notch II is engagedby the hookshaped tab l3 of the other underlying shingle as clearly shown in Figure9. By engaging the parts It and I2 and H and I3 as illustrated, theoverlying shingle is accurately positioned with respect to theunderlying shingles as well as accurately spaced with respect toshingles of the same course of which it forms a part andfurthermore thepositioning of each overlying shingle is insured so that joints will bebroken at the vertical or upstanding part of the underlyingshingles toprovide for proper overlap.

If desired some of the advantages obtained in the shingle of Figure 6may be had without cation, I may dispense with allof these parts and usea shingle, as shown in Figures 1-5b. In practice, however, I prefer touse all of the retaining and spacing devices which I have, described asthey materially facilitate the laying of the shingle and at the sametime tie down the weather edge of each shingle individually. I

' The shingle of this invention will cover maximum surface with minimummaterial and without waste either in the manufacture or in the layin Theforegoing detailed description sets forth the invention in its preferredpractical form, and the invention is to be=understood as fullycommensurate with the appended claims.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent iszg 1. As a new article ofmanufacture, a shingle of roofing material having a contoursubstantially an underlying course with lateral portions of theretainerhooked under adjacent shingles of the latter course to holddown theweather edge l6 of the shingle on which it is formed. The manner I inwhich the retainer l5 interfits with underlying shingles is clearlyshown in interfitting and- L shaped, an abutment in the vertical portionof the shingle and adjacent one lateral edge of the shingle, and anotherabutment formed in the upper edge of the vertical portion of the shinglein spaced relation to the lateral edges of said vertical portion, saidabutments being adapted,

for engagement with .edges of shingles of the same kind to facilitatealinement of the shingles'when a plurality of said a roof.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a shingle of roofing material havinga contour substantially L shaped, an abutment in the vertical portion ofthe shingle and adjacent one lateral edge of the shingle, and anotherabutment formedin the upper edge of the vertical portion of the shinglein spaced relation to the lateral edges of said vertical'portiomandadditional abutments formed in the upper edge of the horizontal portionof the shingle and in the vertical lateral edge of the verticalportionof the shingle,"all of said abutments adapted to cooperate withabutments formed in shingles of the same kind when a plurality of suchshingles are laid in courses on a roof, for the purpose of insuringuniform overlap between courses and alinement and lateral spacing ofshingles of the same courses.

3. Asa new article of manufacture, a shingle of roofing material havinga contour substantially L shaped, an abutment in the vertical portion ofthe shingle and adjacent one lateral edge of the [5, as shown in Figure8, or as a, further modifishingles are laid in courses on shingle, andanother abutment formed'in the upper edge of the vertical portion of theshingle in spaced relation to the lateral edges of said verticalportion, and additional abutments formed in the upper edge of thehorizontal portion of the shingle and in the vertical lateral edge ofthe vertical portion of the shingle, all of said abutments adapted tocooperate with abutments formed in shingles of the same kind when aplurality of such shingles are laid in courses on a roof for the purposeof insuring uniform overlap between courses and alinement and lateralspacing of shingles of the same courses, and retainers formed from thehorizontal portion of the shingle adjacent. the weather edge thereof toextend between and beneath shingles of an underlying course when aplurality of such shingles are laid in courses on a roof. i

4. As a new article of-manufacture, a shingle of roofing material havinga contour substantially L shaped, a hook shaped tab cut from thevertical portion of the shingle and at one lateral edge of the shingle,a notch formed in the same edge of the shingle below the hook shapedtab, another hook shaped tab formed in the upper edge of the verticalportionof the shingle in spaced relation to the lateral edges of saidvertical portion, and a notch formed in the upper edge of the horizontalportion of the shingle, the notch in the vertical edge of the shinglebeing adapted to engage with the hook shaped tab in the upper edge ofanother shingle of the same kind when a plurality of such shingles arelaid in courses on a roof and the notch in the upper edge of thehorizontal portion of the shingle being adapted to be engaged by thehook shaped tab in and adjacent the lateral edge of another shingle ofthe same kind when a plurality of such shingles are laid in courses asstated in order to insure uniform overlap of shingles in various coursesand lateral spacing and longitudinal alinement of shingles in the samecourse.

5. A roof embodying a plurality of L shaped shingles laid in courseswith the shingles of each course breaking joints over the verticalportions of shingles of the next underlying course, each shingle beingprovided adjacent one of its vertical edges and both of its upperhorizontal edges with interfitting cut out portions to insure uniformoverlap between the shingles of successive courses and lateral spacingand alinement between shingles of the same course.

6. A roof embodying a plurality of L shaped shingles laid in courseswith the shingles of each course breaking joints over the verticalportions of shingles of the next underlying course, each shingle beingprovided at one of its vertical edges and both of its upper horizontaledges with interfittlng cut out portions to insure uniform overlapbetween the shingles of successive courses and lateral spacing andalinement between shingles of the same course and each shingle beingprovided adjacent its weather edge with retaining devices projectingbetween adjacent shinglesof the next underlying course and beneath suchshingles to hold down the weather edge of the I underlying course.

8. As a new article of manufacture, ashingle provided in one of itslateral edges and inthe upper portionof the shingle with a cut outforming an abutment and adapted to cooperate with a shingle of anunderlying course, said shingle also being providedwithin its lowerportion adjacent its weather edge and in spaced relation to its otherlateral edge with another cut out forming another abutment and alsoadapted to cooperate with a shingle of said underlying course.

9. As a new article of manufacture, a shingle provided in the upperportion of one lateral edge with a cut out forming an abutment, aretainer out from the body of the shingle adjacent its weather edge andspaced from said lateral edge and projecting in the direction. of thelatter, said shingle also being provided at its upper edge with a fingercut from the body of the shingle and spaced from said lateral edge.

HARRY ,H, HONIGBAUM.

